When memory runs out, the server moves pages to swap on disk and everything slows down. In the worst case a process is stopped to free memory, often MariaDB.
| Memory user | Normal share | Lever |
|---|---|---|
| PHP workers | Workers × memory per request | Lower pm.max_children, use Varnish |
| MariaDB | About 30% of memory | Tuned for you; ask us if you need a change |
| OpenSearch | A quarter of memory | Only where Magento needs it |
| Redis cache | Limited, drops old keys | Nothing to do |
| Varnish | What you chose per store | Lower its cache memory |
A server that needs swap every day is too small for its workload. See When to move to a bigger server.
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